High levels of Phase 3 trial failures often reflect imprecise dose selection during Phase 2. The complexities of designing and implementing early phase dose-finding studies can lead to time-consuming, resource-consuming losses. Traditional Phase 2 development programs often use a sequence of two clinical trials (one trial for proof of concept, followed by another for dose-finding). A single adaptive dose-finding trial can replace these two traditional trials to yield better dose-selection information, plus reduce trial time and size.